第1章　吸取经验教训........................................................................................1
我的视角 .............................................................................................................................1
关于本书 .............................................................................................................................2
术语说明 .............................................................................................................................4
你的收获 .............................................................................................................................4
第2章　需求................................................................................................... 5
何谓需求 .............................................................................................................................5
不同的需求类型 .........................................................................................................5
需求工程的子领域 .....................................................................................................6
业务分析师 .................................................................................................................7
需求是基石 .................................................................................................................8
初体验 ：需求 .....................................................................................................................8
经验教训 1　需求不对，项目要废 ..................................................................................9
何时 .............................................................................................................................9
何法 ...........................................................................................................................10
经验教训 2　需求开发成功，大家就都能懂 ................................................................ 11
经验教训 3　涉众的兴趣点都“长”在需求上 ............................................................13
涉众分析 ...................................................................................................................13
仲裁人 .......................................................................................................................15
统一战线 ...................................................................................................................15
经验教训 4　以人为本，用途为先 ................................................................................16
哪儿来那么多多余的功能 .......................................................................................16
用途先行 ...................................................................................................................17
关注用户故事 ...........................................................................................................18
用途规则 ...................................................................................................................19
经验教训 5　需求不赖，得看迭代 ................................................................................19
渐进式完善细节 .......................................................................................................19
突发功能需求 ...........................................................................................................20
突发非功能需求 .......................................................................................................21
经验教训 6　敏捷需求并无不同 ....................................................................................21
角色与职责 ...............................................................................................................22
术语 ...........................................................................................................................22
文档细节 ...................................................................................................................22
活动定时 ...................................................................................................................23
可交付形式 ...............................................................................................................24
优先级排序的时机 ...................................................................................................24
真有区别吗 ...............................................................................................................24
经验教训 7　好记性不如烂笔头 ....................................................................................25
畏惧下笔 ...................................................................................................................26
书面沟通之益 ...........................................................................................................26
合理平衡 ...................................................................................................................27
经验教训 8　需求就是要清晰沟通，不要用鬼话迷惑涉众 ........................................28
多涉众，多诉求 .......................................................................................................29
择述术 .......................................................................................................................30
唠一唠 .......................................................................................................................32
经验教训 9　群众的眼睛是雪亮的 ................................................................................32
多需求涉众 ...............................................................................................................32
需求质量检查单 .......................................................................................................33
经验教训 10　需求越好，风险越渺 ..............................................................................34
粒度尺寸 ...................................................................................................................35
多少算够 ...................................................................................................................35
经验教训 11　不是仅收集就完事了...............................................................................36
收集 vs 启发 ..............................................................................................................36
何时启发需求 ...........................................................................................................37
启发上下文 ...............................................................................................................37
启发技术 ...................................................................................................................37
奠定基础 ...................................................................................................................39
经验教训 12　客户的嘴，多听不亏 ..............................................................................39
沟通途径 ...................................................................................................................39
产品拥趸 ...................................................................................................................40
其他需求沟通途径 ...................................................................................................41
缩小隔阂的桥梁 .......................................................................................................42
经验教训 13　天眼不通，他心不通 ..............................................................................42
来猜一下 ...................................................................................................................42
明晰化 .......................................................................................................................42
他心不通 ...................................................................................................................44
经验教训 14　众口难调，则勿全调 ..............................................................................44
注意 ...........................................................................................................................45
主持人控场 ...............................................................................................................45
专注，专注，再专注 ...............................................................................................46
团体之外 ...................................................................................................................46
经验教训 15　优先级看嗓门，项目妥妥没魂 ..............................................................47
优先级排序技巧 .......................................................................................................48
排优准绳 ...................................................................................................................48
量化分析 ...................................................................................................................49
经验教训 16　边界不划清，需求摊大饼 ......................................................................49
范围潜变迷雾 ...........................................................................................................49
如何记载范围 ...........................................................................................................50
在范围内吗 ...............................................................................................................51
模糊需求 = 模糊范围 ...............................................................................................52
下一步 ：需求 ...................................................................................................................53
第3章　设计................................................................................................. 54
何谓设计 ...........................................................................................................................54
设计的方方面面 .......................................................................................................55
你的设计精妙吗 .......................................................................................................56
初体验 ：设计 ...................................................................................................................58
经验教训 17　设计迭代，更新不断 ..............................................................................58
原型设计之魅 ...........................................................................................................59
概念验证 ...................................................................................................................60
模型 ...........................................................................................................................60
经验教训 18　高度抽象，小步快跑 ..............................................................................61
通观全局，步步为营 ...............................................................................................62
快速视觉迭代 ...........................................................................................................63
迭代就这么简单 .......................................................................................................64
经验教训 19　不要让不知所措的用户感觉自己宛若智障 ..........................................65
让用户无法犯错 .......................................................................................................66
让用户难以犯错 .......................................................................................................66
让用户易于从错误中恢复 .......................................................................................67
随它吧 .......................................................................................................................67
经验教训 20　想优化所有质量属性？做梦呢吧 ..........................................................67
质量的维度 ...............................................................................................................68
指定质量属性 ...........................................................................................................70
质量导向的设计 .......................................................................................................70
架构与质量属性 .......................................................................................................71
经验教训 21　一仞设计，抵丈重构 ..............................................................................71
技术债与重构 ...........................................................................................................72
架构缺陷 ...................................................................................................................73
经验教训 22　系统问题，接口尤甚 ..............................................................................73
技术接口问题 ...........................................................................................................74
输入数据校验 ...........................................................................................................76
用户界面问题 ...........................................................................................................77
软件开发珠玑 XXII
接口争霸 ...................................................................................................................77
下一步 ：设计 ...................................................................................................................78
第4章　项目管理........................................................................................... 79
何谓项目管理 ...................................................................................................................79
人员管理 ...................................................................................................................80
需求管理 ...................................................................................................................80
预期管理 ...................................................................................................................80
任务管理 ...................................................................................................................80
承诺管理 ...................................................................................................................81
风险管理 ...................................................................................................................81
沟通管理 ...................................................................................................................81
变化管理 ...................................................................................................................81
资源管理 ...................................................................................................................81
依赖管理 ...................................................................................................................82
合同管理 ...................................................................................................................82
供应商管理 ...............................................................................................................82
消除管理障碍 ...........................................................................................................82
初体验 ：项目管理 ...........................................................................................................83
经验教训 23　工作计划，必有摩擦 ..............................................................................83
任务切换与心流状态 ...............................................................................................84
有效时间 ...................................................................................................................85
其他项目摩擦来源 ...................................................................................................86
规划影响 ...................................................................................................................87
经验教训 24　不要胡乱估算，拍个脑袋完蛋 ..............................................................87
草率预言 ...................................................................................................................88
由模糊所支配的恐惧 ...............................................................................................89
经验教训 25　冰山底下有的是东西 ..............................................................................89
应急缓冲 ...................................................................................................................90
涉险假设 ...................................................................................................................92
冰山型合同 ...............................................................................................................93
缓冲之美 ...................................................................................................................93
经验教训 26　谈判要能打，数据是筹码 ......................................................................93
哪儿来的数字 ...........................................................................................................94
原则式谈判 ...............................................................................................................95
经验教训 27　要想估算不乱猜，历史数据少不了 ......................................................95
多种历史数据来源 ...................................................................................................96
软件指标 ...................................................................................................................97
经验教训 28　估算不是谈恋爱，不按个人开心改 ......................................................98
目标 vs 估算 ..............................................................................................................98
何时调整 ...................................................................................................................99
经验教训 29　离关键路径远一点儿 ..............................................................................99
关键路径的界定 .......................................................................................................99
别挡着别人 .............................................................................................................100
经验教训 30　任务没完成，你一分钱都拿不到 ........................................................101
什么叫“完成” .......................................................................................................102
“学分”没有小数点 ...............................................................................................103
跟踪需求状态 .........................................................................................................104
完成才能致富 .........................................................................................................104
经验教训 31　项目多变，放机灵些 ............................................................................104
五个项目维度 .........................................................................................................105
谈判优先权 .............................................................................................................106
灵活性图 .................................................................................................................106
五个维度的应用 .....................................................................................................108
经验教训 32　要么控制项目风险，要么被它反杀 ....................................................108
何谓风险管理 .........................................................................................................108
辨别软件风险 .........................................................................................................109
风险管理活动 ......................................................................................................... 110
居安思危 ................................................................................................................. 112
经验教训 33　客户不是永远都是对的小公主 ............................................................ 112
“不正确” ................................................................................................................. 112
尊重“道理” ........................................................................................................... 114
经验教训 34　我们在软件里假装了太多事 ................................................................ 115
活在幻想中 ............................................................................................................. 115
非理性繁荣 ............................................................................................................. 115
人们玩的把戏 ......................................................................................................... 116
下一步 ：项目管理 ......................................................................................................... 117
第5章　文化与团队合作................................................................................. 118
何谓文化与团队合作 ..................................................................................................... 118
坚守信念 ................................................................................................................. 119
文化一致性 ............................................................................................................. 119
文化结晶 .................................................................................................................120
壮大团队 .................................................................................................................121
初体验 ：项目管理 .........................................................................................................122
经验教训 35　知识并非此消彼长 ................................................................................123
知识守财奴 .............................................................................................................123
致知计划 .................................................................................................................124
知识转移规模化 .....................................................................................................124
健康的信息文化 .....................................................................................................126
经验教训 36　压力再多，莫乱承诺 ............................................................................126
承诺！承诺！承诺！ .............................................................................................127
生活处处有“惊喜” ...............................................................................................128
经验教训 37　培训实践不落地，大力不会出奇迹 ....................................................128
问题在哪里 .............................................................................................................129
一些可能的方案 .....................................................................................................129
工具与培训 .............................................................................................................130
开发者的个体差异 .................................................................................................131
经验教训 38　权利的背面是责任 ................................................................................132
客户的权利和责任 .................................................................................................133
开发者的权利和责任 .............................................................................................133
项目经理或发起人的权利和责任 .........................................................................133
自主团队的权利和责任 .........................................................................................133
暴风雨来临之前 .....................................................................................................134
经验教训 39　毫厘距离，千里隔阂 ............................................................................134
时空屏障 .................................................................................................................134
虚拟团队 ：分离到极致 .........................................................................................135
门，门，一门毁所有！ .........................................................................................136
经验教训 40　小型同地办公土办法，规模大了它就用不上 ....................................137
流程与工具 .............................................................................................................138
专业化诉求 .............................................................................................................139
沟通冲突 .................................................................................................................139
经验教训 41　工作方式转型，文化挑战不轻 ............................................................140
价值观、行为与实践 .............................................................................................140
敏捷开发与文化变革 .............................................................................................141
内化 .........................................................................................................................142
经验教训 42　秀才遇上兵，有理说不清 ....................................................................143
小教一下 .................................................................................................................144
谁出线了 .................................................................................................................144
支持灵活性 .............................................................................................................145
下一步 ：文化与团队合作 .............................................................................................145
第6章　质量................................................................................................146
何谓质量 .........................................................................................................................146
质量的定义 .............................................................................................................146
质量规划 .................................................................................................................147
多个质量视角 .........................................................................................................148
构建质量属性 .........................................................................................................149
初体验 ：质量 .................................................................................................................149
经验教训 43　当下搞质量便宜，以后再搞可贵了 ....................................................150
修复成本的增长曲线 .............................................................................................151
难以定位 .................................................................................................................152
早期质量行为 .........................................................................................................153
经验教训 44　想要生产力高，就要把质量搞 ............................................................154
双子传奇 .................................................................................................................155
返工之祸 .................................................................................................................156
质量成本 .................................................................................................................157
经验教训 45　没工夫一开始就弄对，却有时间以后再来修 ....................................158
为什么不一次搞定 .................................................................................................159
1 亿美元综合征 ......................................................................................................159
权衡取舍 .................................................................................................................160
经验教训 46　莫跌进烂货水沟 ....................................................................................160
烂货水沟具象化 .....................................................................................................160
软件中的烂货水沟情景 .........................................................................................161
经验教训 47　客户老板再强势，莫以恶小而为之 ....................................................162
权力游戏 .................................................................................................................162
匆匆赶码 .................................................................................................................163
知识匮乏 .................................................................................................................163
道德阴影 .................................................................................................................164
规避流程 .................................................................................................................164
经验教训 48　宁让同行刨活，别让客户报错 ............................................................165
同行评审之益 .........................................................................................................165
软件评审的多样性 .................................................................................................166
软因素 ：评审的文化影响 .....................................................................................167
经验教训 49　聪明人善用工具 ....................................................................................168
工具必须提供价值 .................................................................................................168
必须明智地使用工具 .............................................................................................169
工具 ≠ 流程 ...........................................................................................................170
经验教训 50　今日之必达，明日之梦魇 ....................................................................171
技术债与预防性维护 .............................................................................................171
故意的技术债 .........................................................................................................172
质量导向设计 ：现在还是以后 .............................................................................173
下一步 ：质量 .................................................................................................................173
第7章　过程改进..........................................................................................174
何谓过程改进 .................................................................................................................174
软件过程改进是什么？为什么要改进？ .............................................................174
莫要惧怕过程 .........................................................................................................175
让 SPI 成为既定事实 ..............................................................................................175
初体验 ：软件过程改进 .................................................................................................176
经验教训 51　管理切忌人云亦云，亦步亦趋 ............................................................177
问题先行，而后方案 .............................................................................................178
根因示例 .................................................................................................................178
诊断引导治疗 .........................................................................................................180
经验教训 52　有什么好处，主语用“我们”而非“我” ..........................................180
团队回报 .................................................................................................................181
个人回报 .................................................................................................................182
为团队做件事儿 .....................................................................................................182
经验教训 53　痛点是第一更改力 ................................................................................183
啊！痛！ .................................................................................................................183
无形之痛 .................................................................................................................184
经验教训 54　欲落新规，怀柔不断 ............................................................................185
转舵 .........................................................................................................................185
向上管理 .................................................................................................................186
经验教训 55　众人已载之失，莫要重蹈覆辙 ............................................................187
学习曲线 .................................................................................................................188
好的实践 .................................................................................................................189
经验教训 56　无招胜有招 ............................................................................................190
流程与节奏 .............................................................................................................190
成为非教条主义者 .................................................................................................191
经验教训 57　用文档模板践行自适应哲学 ................................................................192
经验教训 58　不要祈祷下一个项目会更好，好好学习来得更实在 ........................196
往回看 .....................................................................................................................196
回顾的结构 .............................................................................................................197
软件开发珠玑 XXVIII
回顾之后 .................................................................................................................199
经验教训 59　软件行业总在做无用功 ........................................................................199
学习之益 .................................................................................................................200
思考之益 .................................................................................................................201
下一步 ：软件过程改进 .................................................................................................201
第8章　然后呢.............................................................................................202
经验教训 60　一口气吃不成胖子 ................................................................................202
确定优先级 .....................................................................................................................204
现实查验 .................................................................................................................205
行动规划 .........................................................................................................................206
你自己的经验教训 .........................................................................................................207
附录A　经验教训划重点............................................................................... 208